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On 20 June 2025, the Dutch Supreme Court referred questions to the CJEU in an antitrust damages case on trucks manufacturing. This blog explores the events leading to this pivotal moment and the key questions posed.

In this blog, we briefly present three interesting matters in the field of digital law: (1) Parliamentary initiatives to tackle cyber attacks; (2) 'Zero tariff' options and open internet access do not mix; (3) Council of State, GDPR and encryption.

On 23 February 2022, the European Commission published its draft Data Act, i.e. a proposal for a regulation on harmonised rules on fair access to and use of data. The text is part of the European strategy for data launched by the Commission in 2020.

The clock is ticking for companies to set the record straight on resale price maintenance (RPM). Retailers must be able to determine their own retail prices without any direct or indirect meddling by suppliers.

On 18 July 2023, the Luxembourg law of 14 July 2023 establishing a mechanism for the national screening of foreign direct investments likely to undermine security or public order has been published in the Official Journal of the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg.

Companies should review their recruitment and hiring policies and practices. The Commission has joined the hunt for ‘job cartels’ with its first ever cartel in the labour market.

The European Commission has fined Mondelēz EUR 337.5 million for restricting cross-border trade. Brand owners are advised to double-check their licensing and distribution systems, as well as their commercial conduct, for possible territorial restraints.

Unfair trading conditions and tying are gaining traction as alleged abusive practices in the digital industry, as the European Commission fines Meta EUR 797.72 million for hindering competitors of Facebook Marketplace.

Climate change has become the most important sustainability issue of our time. Three major developments in the field of climate and sustainability inevitably affect the way businesses operate and how they move towards more sustainable business models.

Via parkeernormen sturen gemeentes actief op mobiliteit. Uit de jurisprudentie volgt dat het mogelijk is om op deze wijze via een bestemmingsplan bij te dragen aan duurzame mobiliteit. Wel gelden daarbij enkele regels, die wij in dit blog bespreken.

The ETS Directive was amended in May 2023. Member States had until 31 January 2023 to implement the provisions of the amended ETS Directive. The Netherlands failed to meet that implementation deadline.

De ETS-Richtlijn is in mei 2023 gewijzigd. Lidstaten hadden tot en met 31 januari 2023 om de bepalingen in de gewijzigde ETS-Richtlijn te implementeren. Nederland heeft die implementatiedeadline niet gehaald.

On 23 October 2023, the Belgian Competition Authority (the BCA) concluded its first hybrid cartel proceedings by imposing a fine of EUR 778.777 on CERP SA (CERP) for participating in anticompetitive practices in the pharmaceutical distribution sector.

On 31 January 2025, Belgium's Government Agreement for 2025-2029 was published, focusing on strengthening competition, safeguarding tech expertise, and increasing subsidy transparency. However, more steps are needed to define practical implementation.

Following the EC’s Horizontal Guidelines, the ACM and CMA have also published updated guidance on sustainability agreements. The approaches adopted by the three authorities are largely similar, but leave room for divergent assessments in some respects.

The European Commission has designated six Tech Giants (Alphabet, Amazon, Apple, ByteDance, Meta and Microsoft) as gatekeepers for 22 core platform services under the Digital Markets Act (DMA).

The European Commission is seeking feedback on the adoption of Guidelines on exclusionary abuses of dominance under Article 102 TFEU. In the meantime, the Commission has amended its 2008 Guidance.